C5. Variable Capacitors Variable capacitors are used for trimming and tuning purposes. They represent a small but important part of the capacitor assortment. C 5.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION By means of an electrode system consisting of one fixed and...

C 4.4. The time constant, t The time constant of electrostatic capacitors is defined in section C1.2.2 as the time needed to discharge a loaded capacitor through the insulation resistance (IR) to 1/e (~37%) of the initial voltage....

C 4.0 SUPERCAPACITORS C 4.1. Introduction and Basic Function Supercapacitors (or ultracapacitors) are the fastest growing capacitor technology on the market offering very high DC capacitance and high energy densities. Sometimes all supercapacitors are mis-called as EDLC (Electric...

C 3.8  WET TANTALUM ELECTROLYTICS C 3.8.1.                 Introduction Wet tantalum capacitors have several advantages over solid tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, and ceramic capacitors. As with all other capacitors, these advantages lead to a very specific “sweet spot” or...

C 3.7. SOLID NIOBIUM and NIOBIUM OXIDE CAPACITORS Niobium is a sister metal to tantalum, and shares many chemical characteristics with it, in addition to a few disadvantages and advantages of its own when used as a capacitor...

Silicon MIS and MOS Capacitors Silicon-based dielectrics are used within semiconductor manufacturing processes of high density electronic devices by semiconductor manufacturing processes. Silicon based dielectrics for capacitor technologies are usually based on silicon dioxide (MIS) or silicon nitride...

R 1.9 NOISE R 1.9.1 Definition Noise manifests itself as a spontaneously fluctuating voltage whose instantaneous amplitude is randomly distributed. The instantaneous value is both unpredictable and of minor interest except in certain critical applications. Instead, one measures...

R1.7 PULSE LOADS In many applications the resistor will be subjected to pulse loads. We make distinctions between periodical/repetitive loads and pulse trains; on one hand, where the pulse is repeated at a certain frequency, and on the...

R1.1 RESISTIVITY (ρ) The resistivity, ρ, is a material constant. The higher the resistivity in the resistor material, the higher its resistance. The connection can be described as .............................. HereR = resistancel = conductor lengthA = conductor area....

C 1.5. Ripple Current and Power Load Capacitors are naturally limited by its capability to handle/dissipate ripple current and pulse energy load. The limitation may be significantly different by each capacitor technology but also within a specific product...